Garbage transfer station odor purification deodorization sol
Author: Li Deng environmental protection
One. Background of the project
The function of the garbage transfer station is to collect the garbage from the scattered garbage collection points in the residential area, and then compress it and send it to the landfill. The function of the transfer station determines that the transfer station must be located in or near the residential area. Due to the rot and smell of domestic garbage, ammonia, organic ammonia and some mercaptans, methane and other gases with strong pungent odor are emitted, and at the same time, odors are inevitable in the process of stacking, loading and unloading and transporting domestic garbage. The stench emitted by the transfer station has a great impact on the lives of the surrounding residents and seriously affects the normal life of the residents. With the expansion of urban construction and the improvement of residents' living standards, and taking into account the factors of population growth, the amount of urban domestic waste is increasing rapidly, and the problem of garbage disposal and disposal has become increasingly prominent. The municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment system is mainly composed of three links: garbage collection, transportation and treatment. The central city of a big city is densely populated and has heavy traffic. It is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on the construction, transit mode and environmental protection measures of the garbage transfer station, improve and improve management measures, and protect the living environment of surrounding residents from pollution.
The impact of malodorous gases on the human environment is a very important issue in today's society and has attracted more and more attention. In some developed countries, the proportion of complaints about stench is getting higher and higher. In Australia, complaints of stench accounted for 91.3% of total environmental pollution complaints; in the United States, accounted for more than 50% of all air pollution complaints; in Japan, second only to noise. In major cities of China, residents’ complaints about stench have shown a sharp increase, which has attracted the attention of relevant departments.
The garbage transfer station distributed in the urban living quarter will inevitably produce a certain amount of malodorous gas during its operation. Its influence on the human body is mainly caused by giving people an unpleasant feeling. In the long run, it has caused physiological and Psychological symptoms such as emotional instability, irritability, loss of appetite, olfactory disorders, insomnia, and even nausea, headache, and asthma. High concentrations of malodor can cause important physiological mechanisms and disorders in the human body, causing chronic diseases and shortening lifespan, and even causing acute illness and death in contaminated people.
Usually, malodorous gases are characterized by large amounts and low concentrations, so the control of malodorous pollution requires a cost-effective way. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen management of the source of malodor, prevent leakage, and strictly control emissions. On the other hand, it is necessary to collect and treat the malodorous gas that has already been generated in time to prevent proliferation and disturb the people. In the control of malodorous pollution, it is necessary to develop new and cost-effective control technologies. Table 1 lists the properties of some common malodorous substances such as olfactory enthalpy. It can be seen that malodorous substances can produce olfactory stimulation to humans at very low concentrations (ppb level). Therefore, in the urban domestic garbage transfer station, the problem of garbage odor is particularly prominent. If the deodorization treatment is not performed, the odor can reach 4 levels.
The types and characteristics of some odor compounds in the odor of garbage are as follows:
Table 1: Characteristics of some malodorous substances in garbage odor
Note: * indicates toxicity; x indicates no toxicity or low toxicity.
As can be seen from the above table, the odors in the odor of the garbage have the characteristics of high volatility, easy occurrence of redox reaction and easy adsorption.
two. Design basis and principle
1. Design Basis
Introduction to basic data and related environmental pollution control requirements
Class II Standard for Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996)
Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-1996)
"Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants" Secondary Emission Standard (GB 14554-1993)
"Emission Standards for Pollutants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002)
2. Design Principles
Choose products with simple process, advanced technology, stable and reliable system and low operating cost.
The equipment basically does not occupy the place, does not affect the layout of the original facilities, and the owner does not need to add new infrastructure.
Consider the economics of the program and save on investment and operating costs. One input, long-term use. No damage and consumables.
three. Design parameters and requirements
1: design parameters
The size of the site of the garbage transfer station and the location of the transfer station (unit: 700 square meters).
2. design standards
Table 2: Standard values for foul odor pollutants
3. Design requirements
When the odor control system is running, the odor control country GB14544 93 "Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants" and GB18918-2002 "Emission Standards for Pollutants in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants"
No odor after treatment
four. Traditional deodorization process and technology introduction (will increase secondary pollution)
Microbiological method:
The microbial method utilizes an optimized selection of effective microbial flora (1x107/ml or more) containing a high concentration and high activity in various natural environments. These biological bacteria can inhibit the biochemical activities of the deodorant microorganisms in the garbage, and use some odors as their own nutrition, effectively reducing the decay rate of the garbage and the odor of the odor emitted by the garbage. In actual use, the solution containing the effective microbial bacteria is sprayed on the surface of the garbage with a relatively simple device, and the decay rate and degree of the garbage are reduced to achieve the deodorizing effect. After the waste treated by this method, the solution containing a large amount of microorganisms will enter the garbage extrusion leakage liquid, which can eliminate the odor of the extrusion liquid, and can reduce the concentration of BOD and COD in the garbage leakage liquid, and remove the permeability of the compression station. The odor in the liquid leakage channel, at the same time, the solution directly sprayed on the surface of the garbage, will reduce the volatilization of dust, and also help to improve the air quality in the transfer station room.
Plant extract catalytic oxidation method:
The catalytic extraction method of plant extracts utilizes the properties of some natural plant extracts to destroy odor molecules to achieve the purpose of removing odor and purifying air. Reaction principle of working fluid and odor molecules: In the technology, a series of plant extracts are used. These plant extracts contain odorous organic matter, which are extracted from plants such as trees, grasses and flowers. of. These odorous organic compounds contain a large number of complex compounds, which are the main components of most vegetable oils and can be divided into four broad categories:
Terpenes: These naturally occurring compounds are the most important ingredients in vegetable oils and all have the same empirical formula C10H16, for example, decane, menthane.
Linear Compounds: The compounds that make up this part are aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, which are present in a range of volatile vegetable oils, such as sunflower alcohol, lauryl alcohol, extracted from fruits.
Derivatives of benzene: These compounds have the same molecular formula as the compounds derived from benzene, especially propylbenzene, such as acetate.
Other Compounds: Examples of the fourth class are vanillin, cinnamic acid and geranyl formate working fluids.
By spraying the control device through a special nozzle into a mist, a great surface energy is formed on the surface of the minute droplets. The surface energy can adsorb the odor molecules in the air, and the stereostructure in the odor molecules is changed and becomes unstable; at this time, the effective molecules in the solution can supply electrons to the odor molecules, and the odor molecules occur. The reaction; at the same time, the odor molecules adsorbed on the surface of the droplets can also react with the oxygen in the air.
Partial plant extract that removes odor:
- Acid-base reaction: It can react with acidic odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide. Unlike the general acid-base reaction, the general base is toxic, inedible, and not biodegradable.
- Catalytic oxidation: For example, hydrogen sulfide cannot normally react with oxygen in the air.
- Acid-base reaction: In organic chemistry, molecules or groups of atoms that can absorb electron clouds are called Lewis acids. In organic sulfur compounds, the outer layer of sulfur atoms has an empty orbit and can accept foreign electron clouds. This type of organic is a Lewis acid. Instead, a molecule or group of atoms that can provide an electron cloud is called a Lewis base.
Odor pollution control is more difficult than general air pollution control. The concentration of malodorous gases is low, and the odour enthalpy of many malodorous gases is very low, which requires a lower concentration of malodorous gases after treatment. Existing odor pollution control technologies include biodegradation, photochemistry, activated carbon adsorption, chemical absorption, and combustion. Although the efficiency of these methods for removing malodorous pollutants can be relatively high, the operating conditions are complicated, unstable, costly, and may cause secondary pollution.
Comparison of malodorous odor treatment techniques:
A comparison of different odor pollution control techniques is shown in Table 2. The physicochemical method is relatively simple, and has a good treatment effect for high-concentration malodorous exhaust gas, but it requires a high cost and is not necessarily high efficiency for low-concentration, atmospheric exhaust gas. For the treatment of low concentration exhaust gases, biological treatment is a simple and inexpensive technology. The technology of treating the malodorous gas by the plasma catalytic oxidation deodorization method can economically and effectively solve the pollution problem faced by many domestic enterprises that produce malodorous gas. The technology not only has high efficiency in controlling the malodorous gas emitted from the garbage transfer station. The effect is good, the equipment runs stably, and is affected by various environments and external conditions, the operation management is simple, the running cost is low, and the effect is remarkable.
Table 2 Comparison of the scope and characteristics of different deodorization technologies
Technical comparison:
Edda Air's environmental technology, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Engineering, created plasma air purification technology and successfully implemented Einstein's ionization theory. By simulating the natural air environment, the indoor air quality is significantly improved, and various harmful pollutants are effectively and quickly removed and decomposed. This is our belief that "the forest-like air can be enjoyed at home." Our technology solves many traditional problems such as activated carbon, photoion generators, ozone generators, high voltage static electricity, and photocatalysts. Our plasma air purification technology can effectively reduce dust in the air, neutralize and decompose pollutants in the air, disinfect bacteria, effectively control volatile organic compounds, and clean the air effectively!
Fives. Advanced advances in plasma air purification systems and processes
working principle:
Edda Air plasma air is derived from the ionization theory proposed by Albert Einstein in the air. It is a new technology integrating physics, chemistry, biology and environmental science. The release of ionization tube can be controlled. A large number of positive and negative ion groups actively attack pollutants and help us improve the quality of air.
It has been remembered in the fresh air of waterfalls, mountains, seaside and after heavy rains. The natural biological climate produced by plasma air technology is rich in reactive oxygen molecules, called ions; the plasma air system creates a positive and can be measured and controlled. The amount of negative oxygen ions, the negative ions contain an additional electron, and the positive ions are electrons that lack the unstable conditions caused by an electron. These unstable ions provide the following benefits:
1) Reduce dust/dust/haze
The dust particles and pollen in the air are bonded by ionic bonds. These charged particles quickly aggregate into particles, increase their size, are easily removed by the filter, and reduce bacteria in the respiratory zone.
2) Neutralizing odor/deodorization
The odorous gas is oxidized by the binding of reactive oxygen molecules. Odor, the source of organic pollution, was quickly eliminated.
3) Disinfection / sterilization
In a balanced positive and negative ion air, the electron pulse discharges a certain amount of energy. When the electron collides with bacteria and mold spores, the energy transmitted is the same or similar to the bond of the chemical bond, breaking these bonds, bacteria and mold. Nor can it breed.
4) VOC / formaldehyde / benzene control
Carpets, building materials, furniture, office equipment, detergents, paints, glues, solvents or pesticides release various volatile organic compounds. When ions collide with these volatile organic compounds, they break these bonds, excited states. The atomic and molecular radical groups act to activate or directly degrade, which together promote TVOC degradation and produce CO and H:O.
5) Plasma air purification technology not only has outstanding achievements in environmental protection, but also has been widely used in agriculture and aquaculture.
The plasma air purification system does not need to consume a large amount of electric energy, and does not need to collect and process the air. The equipment is simple, safe and easy to use, can coexist with human and machine, is convenient for workers to operate (can be set automatically), only needs regular cleaning, and the whole system is maintained. And low operating costs. Safe, non-toxic, non-irritating, non-flammable, non-explosive, no secondary pollution, no damage to the environment.
Harmful gas removal rate:
six. Analysis and assessment of the impact on the surrounding environment before and after project implementation
The odor of odor and corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), VOC, NH3, NO2, etc. is the most time consuming, the traditional method resources are continuously invested and the operation of the odor treatment facility is operated, and the complaints of employees and surrounding communities become more frequent, directly Affecting your ability to operate effectively, often replacing expensive components that are excessively corroded can add significant cost. Simply put, plasma ions can help.
For many industrial facilities, such as garbage transfer stations, sewage treatment plants, and smelly smell factories, it is an indisputable fact that the plasma air remediation program can solve this problem and apply it to treatment facilities such as malodorous, and effectively reduce H2S, VOC, NH3, The content of NO2 and the like is particularly effective for these main pollutants. Different from the traditional use of chemical agents or biological decomposition and various filtration methods to solve the problem, the plasma air Plasma ions will actively target the removal of odor sources and problem areas.
In the facility, it not only provides a cleaner and healthier working environment, but also greatly reduces the odor of hydrogen sulfide gas H2S. The odor and corrosion problems in the facility are completely eliminated, chemical agents and biological decomposition. There is no ability to solve problems within the facility. The use of Edda Air plasma air purification system equipment can completely eliminate the odor generated by the production process, so that surrounding residents no longer need to worry about the odor affecting their life and commercial transactions, the environment around the garbage compression station is improved, and the garbage compression station is efficient. The social and economic benefits of deodorization are enormous.
Plasma purification technology is to open the chemical bonds of harmful gas molecules through the instantaneous high energy of electrons, and directly decompose them into atoms or harmless molecules; through a large number of high-energy electrons, ions, excited-state particles and oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals By the same effect, oxidative decomposition into harmless products. Among the many new technologies for environmental management, the application of plasma purification technology is relatively mature, and it can be used as a new environmentally friendly technology with high efficiency, low energy consumption, wide application range, large processing capacity and simple operation to treat toxic and refractory substances, plasma air. Purification technology comes from this.
Seven. Process description and process
1. Process Description
The Edda Air plasma air system solution is easy to deploy, manage and maintain, and all system implementations typically consist of three components:
1) Strong malodorous gas enters
2) Installing the plasma system
3) Clean air discharge by ionization
Air Cleaner: The equipment required for air treatment is custom designed and the number of ion generators according to the amount of air, the type and concentration of pollutants, the air enters the clean box, and the fan, movable frame and control system are designed for easy maintenance and control. The panel is used to monitor the ionizer for proper operation.
Plasma air purification system powerfully reduces malodor and hydrogen sulfide odor and related corrosion, no chemicals, carbon, additives, or hazardous waste disposal, clean air, providing workers with a healthier working environment, one-time, long-term use, Easy to retrofit to existing equipment or systems, from tens of squares to tens of thousands of square meters of processing facilities.
2. Plasma air product design and testing have passed safety and performance standards, EU CE, CMA, CNAS certification.
The positive ions have strong activity, can oxidize and decompose the pollution factors such as methyl mercaptan, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in a very short time, and open the chemical chain of volatile gases of organic matter, and finally generate carbon dioxide and water through a series of reactions. Positive ions can also destroy the living environment of bacteria in the air, inactivate bacteria and spores, lose reproductive capacity, and thus reduce the concentration of bacteria in the room. The negative ions can absorb suspended particles larger than several times their own weight, settle down by their own gravity, and remove the suspended colloid (aerosol) in the air to achieve the purpose of purifying the air. The negative ions can absorb suspended particles larger than several times their own weight, settle down by their own gravity, and remove the suspended colloid (aerosol) in the air to achieve the purpose of purifying the air.
Summary: Plasma air purification technology, with its high efficiency, no secondary pollution, no consumables and other characteristics, may subvert the current air purifier market pattern, its application range is also quite extensive, in the home, hotel, office, automotive and industrial and commercial Industrial air purification.
(Schematic diagram of working principle of plasma air purification system)
Project real shot demonstration
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